What is DNA?
DNA, short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material responsible for storing and transmitting the instructions necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms. Often referred to as the “blueprint of life,” DNA contains the genetic information required to build and sustain an organism.
DNA is composed of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). These bases pair in a specific manner—Adenine with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine—forming the double-helix structure that characterizes DNA.
DNA full form
The full form of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Difference Between DNA and RNA
Difference Between DNA and RNA
| Feature | DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) |
|---|---|---|
| Full Form | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | Ribonucleic Acid |
| Structure | Double-stranded helix | Single-stranded |
| Sugar Molecule | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| Bases | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) | Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) |
| Base Pairing | A pairs with T; C pairs with G | A pairs with U; C pairs with G |
| Stability | More stable due to the double-helix structure | Less stable; more prone to degradation |
| Function | Stores genetic information and transmits it across generations | Transfers genetic information for protein synthesis |
| Location | Found mostly in the cell nucleus (some in mitochondria) | Found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Types | Only one type of DNA | Three main types: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA |
| Role in Protein Synthesis | Provides the genetic template for RNA synthesis | Carries out the synthesis of proteins |
Summary
DNA is the permanent storage of genetic information, while RNA acts as the messenger and worker, converting DNA’s instructions into proteins. Their differences in structure and function make them complementary partners in cellular processes.
